The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made comprehensive arrangements for adhering to, improving, and developing the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, as well as advancing the modernization of the national social governance system and the modernization of national governance capacity. These arrangements are based on the strategic overall and long-term requirements related to the sustained and healthy development of the Party and the country's socialist cause. As the core of the socialist political system, the People's Congress system embodies the unique advantages of achieving the organic unity of Party leadership, the people's democratic rule, and the rule of law. This paper delves into the role of the People's Congress system in the modern national governance system, analyzes how its institutional advantages can be transformed into governance effectiveness, and explores specific pathways for further improving and developing this system.