The study examines the historical and contemporary dynamics of dairying in India presenting its evolution from ancient to modern day practices. Secondary research as a tool traces of the origin from archaeological, cultural and economic prospects by highlighting the contributions from Indus Valley Civilizations, Vedic period and different dynasties for the development of dairying, which later carried on during the British as a need base leading to the establishment of national level dairy development and research institutes and the schematic development that is being witnessed after Independence.