Obesity is a multifactorial condition with significant health implications, including increased risks for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and various cancers. Understanding its development requires examining both genetic predispositions and environmental influences. The present paper makes an attempt to explore the genetic and environmental factors and their interactions in obesity, with a particular focus on recent studies from India. By integrating findings from global and Indian researches, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive view of obesity's complex etiology and offer insights for future research and public health strategies.