This essay reviews the genetic basis for both essential hypertension and normal blood pressure. There have been cases of familial aggregation of normal blood pressure in adults, children, and even new-borns. But the phenomena of blood pressure aggregation are a combination of shared environmental and hereditary elements. The investigations of blood pressure aggregation in twins and adopted kids were more specific for each etiological component. The Montreal Adoption Study was the centre of attention. Japanese research demonstrating the incidence of hypertension in children of hypertensive parents is reviewed in essential hypertension. The heterogeneity of essential hypertension is highlighted, and two of the several etiological factors the response to salt consumption and erythrocyte cation fluxes are specifically considered for their hereditary component. According to the assessment of the literature, essential hypertension is a polygenic illness that is spread through polygenic systems.