This research investigates the child-rearing practices among the Hill Kharias, a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) located in the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha, India. Utilizing data gathered from 107 mothers’ aged ranging from 15–34 years across 18 villages. The study analyzes socio-demographic characteristics, maternal healthcare practices during pregnancy and childbirth, and child-rearing Practices in this community. The results indicate that while many mothers utilized maternal healthcare services and engaged in immediate breastfeeding alongside colostrums feeding, traditional beliefs, economic hardships, and infrastructural challenges still significantly affect parenting practices. Discipline frequently involves in corporal punishment, and child development is influenced by early lessons in hygiene, feeding, and participation in both traditional and contemporary games. Although there have been advancements in healthcare awareness, the practices of the Hill Kharias largely demonstrate a blend of cultural traditions and gradual adoption of modern approaches. The study highlights the necessity for targeted initiatives to improve education, access to healthcare, and socio-economic conditions among tribal communities to achieve better child development results.