This article explores the life and pedagogical legacy of Olimjon Barudiy, a distinguished educator and reformer from Kazan who significantly contributed to the modernization of Islamic education during the Jadidist era. The paper provides a comprehensive account of Barudiy’s early education, intellectual formation, and the establishment of the Muhammadiya Madrasa, highlighting his innovative teaching methods, curriculum reforms, and contributions to female education. Additionally, the study discusses Barudiy’s political activities, editorial work in the journal Ad-Din wa al-Adab, and his role in Muslim congresses in pre-Soviet Russia. Drawing from biographical materials, archival records, and contemporary studies, the article presents Barudiy’s efforts as foundational to modern pedagogical movements in the Turkic-Islamic world.