Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is an insidious and commonly occurring vestibular disorder, consisting of very transient occurrences of vertigo evoked by movement of the head. This exhaustive review surveys completely concerning the BPPV epidemiology, its pathophysiology, an updating of the diagnosis, treatment options as well as the emerging therapies. The anatomy and physiology of the vestibular system, etiology and pathogenesis; diagnostic tests and treatment approaches including canalith repositioning therapy; vestibular rehabilitation; pharmacological interventions are discussed. BPPV management challenges and limitations, including variability in patient response and recurrence, are addressed. In this review, recent advances in technology together with future research directions have been explored concerning the present data and stringency on BPPV. The review is intended as a guide to healthcare professionals, researchers, and patients alike, in the understanding of this condition to make the best use of management strategies for BPPV.