Kishwar Desai’s Origins of Love provides a critical lens to analyze India’s commercial surrogacy industry through Michel Foucault’s twin concepts of anatamo-politics—the disciplined optimization of individual bodies—and biopower—the systemic regulation of populations. This paper argues that assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) reconfigure motherhood into a biopolitical enterprise, where surrogate bodies are subjected to medicalized discipline while the industry perpetuates neoliberal hierarchies of reproductive labor. Anatamopolitical control manifests in the surveillance and manipulation of surrogate mothers’ bodies. Clinics enforce strict regimens: hormonal treatments, mandatory cesarean sections, and confinement in “surrogacy hostels” to ensure contractual compliance. These practices exemplify Foucault’s “docile bodies,” where impoverished women’s biological functions are mechanized for maximum efficiency, reducing pregnancy to a transactional process. Simultaneously, biopower operates at a macro level, with the state and medical industry normalizing surrogacy as an economic commodity. Policies incentivize medical tourism, positioning India as a global womb for affluent Western clients, while caste and class disparities ensure a steady supply of dispossessed women. This neo-colonial dynamic reinforces racialized and gendered exploitation, framing surrogacy as both biomedical innovation and economic “empowerment.” The commodification of life extends to children, whose “market value” is dictated by biopolitical hierarchies. Desai’s narrative highlights the abandonment of disabled infants, reflecting a eugenic logic that deems certain lives unworthy of investment. Meanwhile, neoliberal rhetoric obscures exploitation by celebrating surrogacy as consumer choice, despite its reliance on patriarchal structures that prioritize reproductive output over bodily autonomy. By interrogating these intersections, the paper reveals how ARTs operationalize biopower to legitimize the extraction of biological labour. The surrogacy industry epitomizes a posthumanist paradigm where life itself becomes a resource, disciplined through anatomopolitical precision and managed through biopolitical frameworks. Ultimately, Desai’s work challenges the ethical neutrality of ARTs, exposing their role in perpetuating systemic violence under the guise of progress and choice.