This systematic literature review explores the leadership competencies needed for effective school headship in educational institutions. This was crafted from 30 qualitative and mixed-method studies published between 2020 and 2024, the review synthesizes findings across different educational content using the PRISMA framework. Thematic analysis revealed nine core leadership competencies, namely: instructional leadership, emotional intelligence, strategic and change leadership, digital and virtual leadership, culturally responsive leadership, professional development, organizational and human resource management, visionary leadership, and crisis resilience. These competencies are necessary in resolving the evolving demands of 21st-century education. The findings align with established leadership theories and offer practical implications for leadership training, policy development, and human resource practices in schools. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the different nature of school leadership and provides a grounded basis for improving leadership and development programs.