Introduction: orthopedic surgery has undergone remarkable technological advances in recent decades, with robotics being one of the most relevant developments. Its implementation has transformed procedures such as total knee and hip arthroplasty by enhancing surgical precision and enabling personalized planning. Objective: to conduct a descriptive scoping review of the main robotic systems used in orthopedics, focusing on their technical characteristics, clinical applications, benefits, limitations, and associated costs. Methodology: a narrative bibliographic review was carried out between January 2015 and August 2025 by consulting databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and SciELO. Original articles, systematic reviews, and observational studies related to robotic systems in orthopedic surgery were included. Preclinical studies, editorials, and publications without full-text access were excluded. Results: the systems analyzed include ROSA®, Mako®, NAVIO®, TSolution One®, and ExcelsiusGPS®. All demonstrated advantages in terms of mechanical alignment, surgical accuracy, reduced postoperative pain, and faster functional recovery. The learning curve for some systems, such as ROSA®, is shorter than expected, facilitating clinical adoption. However, high costs, the need for specialized training, and infrastructure requirements remain major barriers. Further long-term evidence is needed to confirm definitive functional and economic benefits. Conclusions: robotics in orthopedics provides tangible clinical improvements and greater surgical precision. Nevertheless, its implementation should be rational and evidence-based, taking into account costs, available resources, and patient profiles. The future of the field is closely linked to the development of artificial intelligence and technologies that enhance personalized surgery.