This article analyzes the semantic structure, usage, and linguistic characteristics of character-descriptive lexemes in the Uzbek language. In the study, lexical units denoting human character and behavior are considered as tools for reflecting psychological traits, personality, moral values, and social conduct. The denotative, connotative, and functional semes of these lexemes are identified, and they are classified into positive, negative, and neutral groups. Furthermore, contextual usage, stylistic functions, and evaluative aspects in various texts are examined. The article systematizes simple, compound, derived, and phraseological forms of such lexemes, highlighting their discursive and aesthetic roles. The author also substantiates the possibilities of representing these lexemes in a thesaurus system, emphasizing their relevance for semasiological, cognitive, and linguocultural research in linguistics. The findings demonstrate the semantic load of these lexemes in modern texts, their participation in synonym–antonym paradigms, as well as their role in phraseological units, thereby justifying the need for further systematic investigation within Uzbek linguistics (Shcherba, 1940; Rahmatullayev, 1982; Lukashevich, 2011).