This study explores the gendered dimensions of climate disaster vulnerability in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), with a particular focus on Bandarban District—one of Bangladesh’s most ecologically fragile and disaster-prone regions. Drawing on mixed-methods research, including structured surveys and key informant interviews, the study identifies both environmental and socio-structural factors contributing to the region’s exposure to floods and landslides. While intense monsoonal rainfall and land degradation are direct causes, findings reveal that women and children disproportionately bear the burden of disasters due to caregiving roles, limited mobility, insecure shelter conditions, and exclusion from early warning systems. Survey data shows that 58% of respondents were unable to evacuate on time, 40% of women lacked access to sanitary facilities, and 53% of households reported emotional trauma. Poorly planned infrastructure, such as railway construction and unregulated hill cutting, further exacerbates landslide risks. The study employs vulnerability theory, feminist disaster studies, and intersectionality to analyze how gender, geography, and ethnicity intersect to shape disaster experiences. The findings underscore the need for gender-responsive, community-based disaster risk reduction strategies that prioritize the voices and needs of the most affected. Addressing these social vulnerabilities is essential to building long-term resilience in the CHT.