The existence of various classifications of archaisms within different linguistic levels as a distinct layer of obsolete vocabulary indicates that they can also be categorized from linguocultural and linguocognitive perspectives. Implementing this task requires analyzing the national and cultural characteristics of archaisms and their potential for linguistic expression. P. Newmark identifies five main cultural categories—ecological, material, social, socio-political, and gestural—which collectively reflect the ethnocultural lexicon of a nation, encompassing its material and spiritual life. These categories represent not only lexical items but also the cultural and mental identity of a people. Based on this, the study argues that archaisms, as an essential part of national culture and mentality, should be reconsidered through linguocultural lenses in translation. Using examples from Cho‘lpon’s “Night and Day”, the research classifies archaisms according to Newmark’s cultural categories, adding a new category related to speech etiquette and communicative culture. The NVivo-based analysis revealed subcategories of culturally marked archaisms, with the most frequent belonging to the domains of social and communicative culture. The findings suggest that a linguocultural approach to the classification of archaisms is highly effective in translation analysis and cultural interpretation.