In the 21st century, the world is increasingly resembling a global village, while modern institutions such as nation-states continue to emerge. Globalization has significantly influenced the social frameworks of various states and societies. However, it is paradoxical that, despite these changes, Indian society continues to grapple with a pronounced hierarchy among different castes, particularly concerning economic, social, political, and cultural standings. This paper aims to explore the nuanced aspects of globalization that are often overlooked in academic discussions, which tend to present globalization in a binary manner. My central argument posits that, despite the profound impact of globalization in India, the caste system remains a formidable force. Although the government has implemented measures to address this entrenched hierarchical division through affirmative action, some argue that the challenges posed by historical issues like the caste system are rendered irrelevant in the context of globalization. Furthermore, it is suggested that globalization alone is adequate to diminish the caste-based inequalities that persist in the country. This paper seeks to examine the question of why caste continues to be a dominant factor in Indian society, even as globalization reshapes the framework of what is considered a modern society.