The present study entitled “A Sociological Study on Social Transformation if Manusmriti is Implemented (With Special Reference to Maharashtra State)” aims to analyze the possible social changes and structural consequences that would arise if the ancient Manusmriti code were to be applied in modern society. The Manusmriti, one of the earliest Hindu legal and moral texts, has historically shaped social hierarchy, gender relations, and religious conduct in India.This research attempts to understand how its principles—based on caste stratification, patriarchal norms, and ritual obligations—would affect contemporary social institutions such as family, education, politics, and economy. The study adopts a qualitative methodology, supported by secondary data, interviews, and textual analysis.Special attention is given to Maharashtra, a state with a strong legacy of social reform movements led by figures like Mahatma Phule, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, and others who challenged Manusmriti’s doctrines. The findings are expected to reveal that enforcing Manusmriti today would intensify caste and gender inequalities, contradict constitutional values of equality, liberty, and fraternity, and obstruct the ongoing process of social justice and modernization.Thus, the study highlights the contrast between ancient hierarchical norms and the egalitarian framework of modern India, emphasizing the need to sustain progressive and inclusive social values.