Agriculture is the oldest human activity with which human learn growing food stables and build human civilisation. Worldwide, agriculture is basic and foremost economic activity but it becomes vulnerable due to its association with nature. Deteriorate natural conditions like floods, droughts, storms, climate changes and others have been causing sever crop, revenue and livelihood stock loss in agriculture sector. To protect agriculture and farmers from these natural calamities every country has been adopting safety measures. Crop insurance is the one of the major and common programmes as safety net. In this article, tried to understand evolution of crop insurance in global scenario, factors facilitated growth of crop insurance, analyse the various crop insurance programmes adopted by major countries and also studies common challenges faced by countries in the way of ensuring these programmes. Secondary data is used for this study.