Millions of individuals worldwide suffer with sickle cell disease, a prevalent and sometimes fatal blood condition. Ischemia and inflammation, acute painful sickle cell crises, parenchymal damage, and persistent organ damage result from abnormal sickle-shaped red blood cells obstructing blood flow in small blood arteries. The polymerization of sickle hemoglobin (HbS), a sickling process that occurs inside these individuals' red blood cells (RBCs) during a deoxygenating state, is the primary physiological complication. The polymerization of mutant hemoglobin (HbS) within the RBC and membrane deformation under anoxic conditions are the causes of the RBC's transformation from spherical to sickle shape. The sickling process and mechanism are extremely intricate and multifaceted. Although stem cell transplantation may be a potentially curative therapy, gene therapy and gene editing are among the few treatments currently available, such as blood transfusions, certain medicines, and pharmaceuticals. Recent developments include better management, diagnostic tools, and systematic universal screening for stroke risk. Other options, such as traditional medicine in the form of medicinal herbs to manage the disease's symptoms, need to be looked into. The main efficient species for preventive treatment appear to include Cajanus cajan, Carica papaya, Piper guineense, aloe vera, allium sepa, Moringa oleifera, and Vinga unguiculata, all of which have anti-sickling qualities. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary condition that affects worldwide health and has serious clinical implications. Survival has increased with traditional care techniques, but new treatments are changing the paradigm in favor of possible cures. This review reviews recent developments, such as gene editing and stem cell transplantation, summarizes well-established treatment modalities, and explores potential future approaches in SCD therapy .