Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly among young populations in developing nations. Their high transmissibility, widespread prevalence, and person- to-person spread pose significant risks to vulnerable groups, including children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), ARTIs contribute to approximately 2.6 million pediatric deaths worldwide each year. Among the viral agents responsible, human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has emerged as a key contributor to the rising incidence of ARTIs in pediatric patients. Notably, HMPV is the second most common cause of infant bronchiolitis, following respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), affecting both the upper and lower respiratory tract. This underscores the urgent need for ongoing research and targeted public health interventions to mitigate the burden of ARTIs in high-risk populations.