Shah Waliullah Dehlawî (1703–1762) occupies a seminal position in the intellectual, religious, and social history of India. His writings emerged at a time when Indian Muslim society was experiencing political decline, moral degeneration, and religious stagnation. This paper examines Shah Waliullah Dehlawî’s major writings and analyses their socio-religious impact on Indian society, with particular emphasis on religious reform, social ethics, and intellectual revival. Through a critical study of his works, such as Ḥujjah Allâh al-Bâlighah, his Qur’ânic translation into Persian, and his contributions to Hadith studies, the paper highlights his effort to reconcile revelation with reason and spirituality with law. The study reveals that Shah Waliullah sought to purify Islamic practices by opposing blind imitation (taqlîd), sectarian rigidity, and un-Islamic customs, while simultaneously promoting unity among the Sunni schools of jurisprudence. His emphasis on the objectives of Shariah (maqâṣid al-sharîʿah) underscored the ethical and social dimensions of Islam, presenting religion as a comprehensive system aimed at justice, social harmony, and moral discipline. By making the Qur’ân accessible to non-Arabic-speaking Muslims, he democratized religious knowledge and strengthened individual religious consciousness. Furthermore, the paper explores Shah Waliullah’s balanced approach to Sufism, where he upheld spiritual purification but rejected superstition and excess. His ideas profoundly influenced later reform movements in India, including the Deoband school and Ahl al-Hadith, shaping Islamic education, religious thought, and social reform during the colonial and post-colonial periods. Overall, the study argues that Shah Waliullah Dehlawî’s writings played a foundational role in revitalizing Indian Muslim society by fostering intellectual awakening, religious moderation, and socio-moral reform. His legacy continues to inform contemporary discussions on Islamic reform and social justice in South Asia.