Nanoparticles are tiny particles with unique properties, classified into organic, inorganic, and carbon-based categories.The surface characteristics and particle size of Nanoparticle can be modified to target medications passively and actively. nanoparticles also exhibit strong reactivity due to their small size and large surface area, which can lead to biologically harmful effects. Carbon-based nanoparticles, including fullerenes, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers, have distinct mechanical, chemical, and physical characteristics.Silver, gold, and copper nanoparticles have also been extensively studied for their antibacterial and antiviral properties.The applications of nanoparticles are diverse, ranging from biomedical and pharmaceutical to The environmental and industrial uses. Various polymers have been used in the formulation of nanoparticles for drug delivery research to increase therapeutic benefit, while minimizing side effects. Nanoparticles are tiny materials having size ranges from 1 to 100 nm.They can be classified into different classes based on their properties, shapes or sizes. The nanoparticles are synthesized by various methods for research and commercial uses that are classified into three main types namely physical, chemical and mechanical processes that has seen a vast improvement over time. This paper presents a review on nanoparticles, their types, properties, synthesis methods and its application