PERCEPTIONS OF WEALTH-BASED BIAS AND FAIRNESS IN THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: THE ROLE OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS
Dr. Rhem Rick N Corpuz, Rosemarie A. Dizon, Rosmar M. Evangelista, Gabriella Villanueva
Angeles University Foundation College of Criminal Justice Education, Angeles City, Pampanga, Philippines
Abstract
This research investigated perceptions of wealth-based bias and fairness within the Philippine criminal justice system and examined how these perceptions were shaped by socio-demographic factors. The study analyzed public attitudes toward the equitable treatment of individuals, regardless of socio-economic status, within the legal framework. Employing quantitative methods, the research analyzed survey data to assess the extent to which wealth influenced perceptions of fairness, access to justice, and overall confidence in the system. Key socio-demographic variables such as education, income level, geographical location, and age were examined to determine their impact on shaping these perceptions. Statistical analyses, including regression models, were utilized to identify significant correlations between socio-demographic factors and perceptions of bias. The findings revealed significant disparities in perceptions of fairness based on socio-economic status, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address systemic biases and promote equitable justice. The study provided valuable insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and civil society organizations seeking to enhance transparency, accountability, and inclusivity within the Philippine criminal justice system. Ultimately, this research contributed to the ongoing discourse on social justice and equality by offering recommendations for reforms aimed at fostering a more equitable and impartial legal environment for all citizens.
Keywords: Wealth-Based Bias, Fairness Perceptions, Criminal Justice System, Socio-Demographic Factors, Philippines.
Journal Name :
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EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)
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Published on : 2025-12-28
| Vol | : | 11 |
| Issue | : | 12 |
| Month | : | December |
| Year | : | 2025 |