This article examines the role of public policy in advancing gender equality in India within the framework of constitutional mandates, legislative reforms, and development-oriented welfare interventions. Gender equality has long been recognized as a cornerstone of social justice and inclusive growth; however, despite sustained policy attention, India continues to experience significant gender disparities across economic participation, education, health outcomes, and political representation. Using a qualitative policy analysis approach, this study critically evaluates major gender-focused and gender-mainstreaming initiatives, including Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, gender budgeting, political reservation policies, and women-centric social welfare schemes. The paper further explores implementation challenges arising from patriarchal norms, institutional constraints, and intersectional inequalities linked to caste, class, tribe, and region. Drawing on secondary data from government reports, academic literature, and international indices, the study argues that while India possesses a robust normative and policy framework, outcomes remain uneven due to gaps between policy intent and execution. The article concludes with policy recommendations emphasizing outcome-based gender budgeting, institutional accountability, intersectional targeting, and long-term social norm transformation. The findings contribute to contemporary debates on gender-responsive governance and offer insights for strengthening public policy design and implementation in India.