Background: Eyelid swelling is a frequently encountered ophthalmic condition resulting from inflammatory, infective, or allergic etiologies. In Ayurveda, such presentations are described under Vartmagata Netra Rogas, particularly Vartma Śopha, attributed mainly to Pitta–Kapha doṣa vitiation with Rakta duṣṭi. Conventional management often relies on antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents, raising concerns about recurrence and drug resistance. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of classical Ayurvedic external and internal therapies in the management of acute eyelid swelling (Vartma Śopha) and to correlate Ayurvedic principles with modern inflammatory pathology. Methods: A single-case observational clinical study was conducted on a 45-year-old male presenting with acute painful eyelid swelling of 3 days’ duration. The Ayurvedic diagnosis of Vartma Śopha (Utklishta Vartma) was established. Treatment included Bāhya Cikitsā—Seka with Manjiṣṭhā, Haridrā, and Nimba kwātha and Vidalaka with Haridrā, Śuṇṭhi, and Chandana—along with Abhyantara Cikitsā using Triphala Guggulu. Clinical assessment was done before and after treatment and at follow-up. Results: Significant reduction in eyelid swelling, redness, pain, and heaviness was observed within 7 days. Normal eyelid movements were restored without visual disturbance or recurrence. The condition resolved completely without the use of antibiotics. Conclusion: Ayurvedic management focusing on Pitta–Kapha śamana and Rakta śodhana proved effective in treating acute eyelid swelling. The case highlights the potential of Ayurveda as a safe, holistic, and antibiotic-sparing approach in inflammatory eyelid disorders, with strong correlation to modern pathophysiological concepts.