EVALUATING RA 9262 AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM ROLE ON FEMALE OFFENDERS: BASIS FOR STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN


Reyes Edgar A
Philippine College of Criminology, Philippines
Abstract
The Philippine justice system struggles to meet the needs of female offenders, who face discrimination, health issues, and abuse, often while being separated from their children. To protect women and children, Republic Act 9262 (Anti-VAWC Law) was enacted, defining abuse as physical, sexual, psychological, or economic harm by current or former partners. It provides protection orders and imposes penalties like imprisonment, fines, and counseling, ensuring legal protection and support for victims. The study determined the level of its implementation and significant differences in the level of its implementation, level of its effectiveness and significant differences, significant relationship between the level of implementation and effectiveness, impact of the components of the criminal justice system on female offenders, significant differences in the impact of the components of the criminal justice system on female offenders, and the challenges encountered in its implementation. An explanatory sequential mixed methods research design was used. The study found that RA 9262 is perceived by police officers, barangay officials, and residents as fully implemented and highly effective in handling VAWC cases, particularly in terms of operational procedures, preventive programs, confidentiality safeguards, and enforcement of protection orders. However, significant differences in perceptions among respondent groups indicate uneven experiences in implementation and effectiveness. A moderate positive relationship between implementation and effectiveness suggests that stronger enforcement enhances the law’s impact. Qualitative findings revealed persistent challenges, including victim non-cooperation and under reporting, low public awareness, institutional and coordination limitations, and gaps in capacity and legal knowledge.The findings indicate that RA 9262 is perceived as fully implemented and highly effective at the community level, demonstrating strong institutional commitment to protecting women and children. Nonetheless, differences in stakeholder perceptions reveal uneven experiences and awareness, underscoring the need for more coordinated implementation. A positive relationship between implementation and effectiveness highlights the importance of strengthening operational practices. While confidence in the criminal justice system is generally high, variations in perceptions of maintaining order point to the need for targeted interventions such as public education, capacity-building, and enhanced interagency coordination.
Keywords: Republic Act 9262; Violence Against Women and Children (VAWC); Implementation and Effectiveness; Criminal Justice System; Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods
Journal Name :
EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)

VIEW PDF
Published on : 2026-02-03

Vol : 12
Issue : 1
Month : January
Year : 2026
Copyright © 2026 EPRA JOURNALS. All rights reserved
Developed by Peace Soft