The psoas minor muscle is a slender, fusiform muscle located anterior to the psoas major and is considered an inconstant structure with limited functional significance in humans. Its presence shows marked anatomical variability across populations. The present cadaveric case report documents the bilateral presence of the psoas minor muscle in one cadaver and its bilateral absence in two other cadavers observed during routine dissection. In Case 1, a well-formed psoas minor muscle was identified bilaterally with typical origin, insertion, and nerve supply. In Case 2 and Case 3, the muscle was completely absent on both sides. This report highlights the morphological variability, evolutionary significance, and clinical relevance of the psoas minor muscle, emphasizing its importance in differential diagnosis of lower abdominal pain and retroperitoneal surgical procedures.