Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., known as the sacred lotus, is an aquatic medicinal plant with significant traditional, cultural, and therapeutic importance in various Asian medical systems. Modern research has uncovered a range of bioactive compounds, such as aporphine alkaloids (like nuciferine), flavonoids (including quercetin derivatives and hyperoside), phenolic acids, and polysaccharides, which contribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties (Bishayee et al., 2022; Tungmunnithum et al., 2018). Recent molecular studies show that lotus leaf extracts influence key inflammatory pathways like NF-κB, MAPK, and JNK, which help reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory substances such as TNF-α, IL-6, and nitric oxide (Liu et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2022). This review presents an overview of the botanical features, chemical composition, and pharmacological effects of N. nucifera leaves, with a focus on the pathways related to inflammation and pain management.