Nearly 19 million Filipino graduates (2019–2024) are not functionally literate, per PSA. PISA 2022 also ranked Philippines near the bottom in math. Despite the end of COVID-19 pandemic six years ago, its impact continues to affect students particularly their self-efficacy and performance in Mathematics compared to pre-pandemic years. Research revealed that high mathematics self-efficacy encourages the achievement of good learning outcomes, and when students have good learning outcomes, they will be more motivated in the learning process. Unlike other studies, this one focused on students who had only modular learning throughout pandemic. This study aimed to explore how parental involvement and students’ attitudes influence math self-efficacy, identifying which specific factors have the most impact. Data from 332 students were gathered using adapted questionnaires and analyzed through mean, Pearson r, and multiple linear regression. The results showed a statistically significant regression model, with a strong correlation between parental involvement, student attitude, and math self-efficacy. Among the domains of parental involvement, mathematics learning counselor, motivator, and resource provider are predictors, however their influence on Mathematics Self-Efficacy is minimal. On the domains of students’ attitude, confidence, value, and motivation predict Mathematics Self – Efficacy. Motivation has noticeable effects while others have only minimal influence. The findings suggest that parents may support their children’s math self-efficacy by identifying their learning needs and providing appropriate resources. Teachers may use engaging strategies for Students to enjoy math and become more confident and motivated while school administrators can support by supplying materials suited to students’ skill level.