Purpose of the study. To assess the current state of vegetation in Southern Tajikistan under anthropogenic pressure and to identify the main drivers and ecological consequences of vegetation transformation. Material and methods. The study was carried out in Southern Tajikistan during 2015-2024. The work was based on route-field surveys, geobotanical descriptions, herbarium analysis, comparative-historical assessment, and vegetation mapping. More than 400 geobotanical descriptions of the ecological state of vegetation were recorded, and archival materials from 1950-1970 were used for comparative analysis. Research results. It was established that the most severely disturbed vegetation types in Southern Tajikistan are semi-savannas, juniper woodlands, and tugai communities. Biodiversity imbalance was identified in semi-savannas - 65%, shrub communities - 45%, and juniper woodlands - 60%. In areas of overgrazing, ecosystems were degraded on more than 30% of the territory, while grass productivity decreased from 20-25 c/ha to 10-12 c/ha. Tugai vegetation in the Vakhsh River basin is in a particularly critical condition: from 110 thousand ha, only 24 thousand ha have remained. Anthropogenic transformation is associated with agricultural expansion, overgrazing, logging, mining, salinization, and settlement construction. Conclusions. Anthropogenic factors have become the leading drivers of vegetation degradation in Southern Tajikistan. The obtained results justify the need for ecological monitoring, vegetation restoration, rational land use, and targeted conservation measures in the most disturbed ecosystems.