Technological innovation has redefined contemporary social organization by embedding digital systems into governance, economic exchange, and interpersonal communication. While emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, algorithmic analytics, biometric identification, and platform-based ecosystems have enhanced efficiency and connectivity, they have simultaneously generated complex human rights concerns that traditional legal systems struggle to address. Classical human rights law developed within territorially bounded state structures, whereas modern technological power operates across borders and frequently resides within private corporate entities. This article critically evaluates the transformation of human rights protection in the context of rapid technological change. Through doctrinal and analytical examination of international norms, comparative regulatory approaches, and Indian constitutional developments, the paper explores challenges relating to privacy, equality, democratic participation, and accountability in algorithm-driven environments. It argues that safeguarding human dignity in the digital age requires a shift toward human-rights-oriented technological governance grounded in transparency, proportionality, and ethical innovation. The study concludes that future legal frameworks must integrate human rights principles directly into technological design and regulatory policy to ensure that technological advancement remains aligned with constitutional and democratic values.