The article presents a faunistic analysis of representatives of the family Curculionidae in the Southern Aral region under conditions of environmental transformation caused by the drying of the Aral Sea. The species composition of weevils was identified, including xerophilous, mesophilous, and agrophilous forms, which differ in ecological preferences and economic significance. The influence of agroecological factors on the distribution and abundance of phytophagous species was determined. Species damaging agricultural crops, as well as forms characteristic of natural ecosystems, were noted. A set of preventive measures based on the principles of sustainable agriculture is proposed, including crop rotation, irrigation optimization, and phytosanitary monitoring.