The rapid advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the landscape of modern education by enabling more flexible, personalized, and learner-centered approaches. This study explores the integration of ICT and AI in educational contexts through a qualitative analysis of secondary data, focusing on their roles in enhancing teaching–learning processes, student engagement, and instructional practices. The findings reveal that digital platforms, adaptive learning systems, and data-driven tools significantly contribute to improved accessibility, real-time feedback, and individualized learning experiences. At the same time, the study identifies key challenges such as digital inequality, inadequate infrastructure, limited teacher preparedness, and ethical concerns related to data privacy and algorithmic bias. The analysis further highlights the importance of pedagogical innovation, professional development, and supportive policy frameworks in ensuring effective implementation. This study emphasizes that the thoughtful integration of ICT and AI has the potential to create smart, inclusive, and sustainable learning environments, provided that technological advancements are balanced with human values and educational goals.