This study investigates the role of digital record management systems in enhancing administrative efficiency within public tertiary institutions in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Despite growing investments in information and communication technologies, many institutions continue to struggle with delays in record retrieval, duplication of files, weak accountability, and vulnerability to data loss. To address these challenges, a quantitative research design was adopted, with structured questionnaires administered to administrative staff across selected institutions, and the data analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS SEM). The results revealed that digital record management practices significantly predict administrative efficiency outcomes, with system accessibility, staff competency, and infrastructure adequacy showing strong positive effects on processing speed, accuracy, accountability, and service responsiveness. Specifically, SmartPLS analysis confirmed that institutions with higher levels of digital adoption achieved improved documentation accuracy and faster workflow integration, while inadequate ICT infrastructure and limited staff training remained significant barriers to optimal performance. These findings provide empirical evidence that digital record management enhances transparency, strengthens institutional governance, and supports evidence based decision making in Nigerian higher education. The study contributes to public sector modernization debates and offers policy recommendations emphasizing infrastructure upgrades, staff capacity development, and standardized frameworks to improve productivity, accountability, and service delivery in Sokoto State’s tertiary institutions.