Socio-economic gradient is one of the potent factors, which determines one’s future perspective. This study investigates the association between parental socio-economic status (SES) and academic performance in science among high school (HS) students in Assam, India. The study focuses to establish the exact relation that exists between the socio-economic status (SES) and the academic performance, which portrays the unequal distribution that hinders the learning outcomes. A quantitative research design is considered appropriate as it helps to measure the exact relation between SES and academic performance. The sample was taken from 6 different government schools residing in Kamrup Metro and Kamrup, of 150 HS students. The employed a simple, context-appropriate SES measurement tool adapted from the Kuppuswamy scale. The findings revealed a sturdy relation between composite SES and academic performance (r=0.911, p<0.001), indicating an existing Socio-economic gradient. Students from high SES background have better facilities such as quality education, better resources in contrast to students with lower SES. The study depicts a scenario of unequal distribution of resources , which call for targeted intervention the bridge the performance gap in Assam, and set equity in educational sector as far as possible.