The article provides a scientific analysis of the issue of medical care for the population of Turkestan in the late XIX - early XX centuries, based on a gender approach, based on materials from periodicals and primary sources. The study notes that during this period, medical care for women was one of the biggest problems in Turkestan, and the first special medical facility for women was opened in Tashkent in 1883, before which women rarely, if ever, consulted male doctors.