Lava is a type of composite fluid material made up of solid minerals (mostly silicates) and gas bubbles suspended in a silicate melt matrix. It is the result of partial melting within the Earth. The composition of igneous rocks visible at the surface is interpreted from their composition, and while they have a wide range of compositions, they are ultimately formed by melting in the Earth’s mantle or crust. Basalts are formed mostly from the mantle, whereas granites are derived from the crust. Fractional crystallization, magma mixing, and other processes that alter the original magma composition result in different compositions. When hiking on the Big Island, you must always be cautious. Hiking near active lava in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, however, necessitates even greater caution. You must wear proper safety clothing, carry and drink plenty of water to stay hydrated, heed official warning signs, and follow a leader who is responsible and knowledgeable about the area.The abundances of major and trace elements are frequently related to the plate tectonic environment in which igneous rocks are found, and their abundances can be utilised to determine the origins of magmas.