The data obtained as a result of the studies carried out indicate the heterogeneity of patients with epilepsy from the point of view of molecular mechanisms, the development of the causes of epileptic seizures. One of the leading mechanisms of the pathogenesis of idiopathic epilepsy is a complex restructuring of neuroimmune relationships, manifested by a unidirectional increase in the level of autoantibodies to neurospecific proteins S100, GFAP, NF-200, MBP and the neurotransmitters glutamate, GABA, dopamine, serotonin and serotonine-channel. At the same time, the key link in the pathogenesis of idiopathic epilepsy is neurotransmitter imbalance. Circulating AATs to neurotropic proteins and neurotransmitter receptors in the blood serum of patients with epilepsy can be used as additional prognostic “immunobiochemical” criteria for the course of the disease and the effectiveness of antiepileptic treatment.