The article discusses the ecological and economic significance of the wolf in the conditions of the Southern Aral Sea region. The South Aral Sea region is one of the key regions rich in natural populations of carnivorous mammals with a narrow range structure, including the wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus). Wolves are the main cause of individual death of herbivorous animals and play an important role in maintaining their ecological and physiological well-being. One aspect of natural selection is carried out through the predation of wolves.