The present study was to understand the diversity and distribution pattern of microalgae in fresh water system represented by an open artificial pond. A total of 100 species of phytoplanktons were indentified from different groups in Chandrasarovar pond of Jhalawar, Rajasthan. Among the identified phytoplankton species Cyanophyceae (39%) formed the dominant group, followed by Chlorophyceae (34%) Bacillariophyceae (23%) and Euglenophyceae (4%). The fluctuations in the physico-chemical parameters like pH, temperature, EC, DO, BOD, COD, turbidity, alkalinity, hardness, nitrate, silicate, phosphate and were also been monitored. The result provides a primary documentation of the phytoplankton community and its diversity and basic understanding of hydrological variables in the Chandrasarovar pond .