Water on the earth is in motion through the hydrological cycle. The utilization of water for most of the users i.e. human, animal or plant involves movement of water. The dynamic and renewable nature of the water resources and the recurrent need for its utilization requires that water resources are measured in terms of its flow rates. Post-independent India has witnessed a phenomenal development of its groundwater resources, which, has resulted in deleterious effect in terms of steep decline in groundwater levels, dwindling yield, dying up of wells, and water quality deterioration. Ground water development has shown phenomenal progress in our country during the past three decades. There has been a vast improvement in the perception, outlook and significance of ground water resource. The importance of groundwater for domestic, industrial and agricultural uses and its readily and locally available characteristics has lead to indiscriminate extraction of this precious natural resource. Groundwater is an integral part of the environment, and hence cannot be looked upon in isolation. There has been a lack of adequate attention to water conservation, efficiency in water use, water re-use, groundwater recharge, and ecosystem sustainability. The causes of low water availability in many regions are also directly linked to the reducing forest cover and soil degradation. Overexploitation of groundwater and intensive irrigation in major canal commands has posed serious problems for groundwater managers in India. Depletion of water tables, saltwater encroachment, drying of aquifers, groundwater pollution, water logging and salinity, etc. are major consequences of overexploitation and intensive irrigation.