The present study examines the clash between cultures in Nigeria and western society as represented in Wole Soyinka’s play The Lion and the Jewel. The study shows the relationships between the different cultures. Wole Soyinka was awarded the nobel peace prize for literature in 1986 acknowledging his stature as a great writer and his life long commitment for the cause of justice. There is no doubt that Soyinka is the pride of the Nigerian nation. Wole Soyinka is considered as one of the big men of the African world of letters. He likes traditional cultures so; he came out from all difficulties with power to enlighten his people. His upbringing reflected both African and western influences, and the conflict and interaction between these two forces occupies most of his writing. He wrote about the African experience. As the most radical and powerful voice from Nigeria, Soyinka played a significant role in shaping the consciousness of the world. Since 1986, hundreds of Nigerians have proudly studied Nigerian literature. Within his writings, he reflects the colonial and postcolonial suffering in Nigerian society. Soyinka depicts the post-colonial Africa, where modernity and tradition are in constant conflict. Thus, he creates characters who challenge themselves in an atmosphere punctuated with the defenders of modernity in one camp and those who are deeply rooted in the traditions and customs on the other side. The focus of this study is to demonstrate how Soyinka uses characters, themes, and plot to investigate the conflict between cultures. The play, The Lion and the Jewel is set in the village of Ilunjuinle in Yoruba West Africa.